The Identification of Bambusa Sp

The identification of Bamboo using various PCR and Sequencing Techniques Abstract Often the incorrect bamboo species is sold to unsuspecting customers at shops. This can have a disastrous effect on their garden. Three separate and unknown Bamboo leaf samples were taken and were required to be distinguished genetically from one another. Using ITS-PCR DNA amplification techniques, the ITS region DNA was amplified and used in PCR-RFLP and RAPD PCR in order to determine the genetic identity of each sample. Sequencing was performed, and results allowed us to distinguish between samples (to a certain extent. ) Introduction Bamboos are a group of woody perennial green plants (Wikipedia et al. 2006) that are found in many parts of the world. There are 91 genera and about 1,000 species of bamboo (Wikipedia et al. 2006). They are found in diverse climates, from cold mountains to hot tropical regions. Bamboo is a highly desirable plant grown for many reasons in plantations and gardens around the world. Many reasons it is grown are that it is a beautiful ornamental plant with unique properties. Bamboo is also an extremely strong plant that is light; it is used in many building applications for floorboards, and is also often used in furniture making. There are a number of taller growing species that are effective at blocking out the eyes of pepping toms and nosy neighbors. There are two main forms of bamboo, each form describing the way in which the bamboo itself spreads. These are known as â€Å"clumping† (monopodial) and â€Å"running† (sympodial) forms. (Wikipedia et al. 2006) Clumping bamboo species tend to spread underground slowly. Running bamboo species are highly variable in their tendency to spread; this is related to both the species and the soil and climate conditions. Some can send out runners several metres a year, while others can stay in the same general area for long periods. If neglected, they can be invasive over time and can cause problems by moving into adjacent areas. The reputation of bamboo as being highly invasive is often exaggerated, and situations where it has taken over large areas is often the result of years of untended or neglected plantings. Many invasive bamboo species are often sold, unsuspectingly to people, who plant them without realizing this. The result of this is the complete takeover of ones garden. Some species of bamboo can grow at a tremendous rate, some at over 36inches (90cm) a day, providing it is provided with ideal conditions (OneEarth, 2006). Plant Biosecurity breaches often occur when bamboo plants are imported with incorrect or false labeling, often in an attempt to bring illegal ornamental species in to the country for indoor use. This ‘black market’ operation is a serious threat to native species of plants, and, if a threatening sympodial bamboo species is imported and planted in place of a monopodial (which is preferred, as they do not spread), serious damage to native forests and grasslands can occur (NGIA, 2006). Some of the techniques that can be used to identify to a species level are PCR-ITS, RAPD, and PCR-RFLP. These will be used to identify our unknown samples of bamboo. Aim To identify, to a species level, using nucleotide analysis and sequencing techniques, three unknown samples of bamboo. Materials For DNA extraction 3 Unknown Bamboo Samples (Leaves) Mortar and Pestle Liquid Nitrogen Quiagen ‘Dneasy’ DNA Extraction Kit Centrifuge tubes Pipettes and Tips Ice and Esky Quantification of DNA Well Combs (10uL) Wells UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide Loading Dye Centrifuge Tubes Gel Tank (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and Tips For ITS based PCR 5uL of extracted DNA 5x Reaction buffer MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water) DNTP’s (dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP) PCR Machine MgCl2 Centrifuge Tubes Pipettes and Tips For RAPD-PCR ITS-PCR DNA product 5x Reaction buffer MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water) MgCl2 Primers OPM-01 and OPM-17 Wells Well Combs (10uL) UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide Loading Dye Centrifuge Tubes Gel Tank (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and Tips For ITS-RFLP ITS-PCR DNA product Enzymes Hha1 and Rsa1 Buffer Red (Rsa1) Buffer C (Hha1) MilliQ (Ultra Pure Water) Wells Well Combs (10uL) UV Transilluminator Agarose Tris Borate EDTA Ethidium Bromide Loading Dye Centrifuge Tubes Gel Tank (To run agarose gel electrophoresis) Pipettes and Tips Methods DNA Extraction and Purification – Quiagen Dneasy Kit ITS-RFLP ITS Region is a particular sequence of DNA which is present in all organisms. It is a region, in between each common sequence, contains DNA that is highly conserved and unique amongst a particular species, and is thus not used to translate into proteins. Enzymes are used to restrict or cut the DNA at certain points. The location of the cuts depends on nucleotide sequence that the enzyme recognizes. The number of nucleotides in sequence determines size of the restricted piece of DNA in base pairs (BP). ITS-PCR This is done to amplify the ITS region DNA which is highly conserved and unique to each individual species Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 are used because the ITS region (18s, 5. 8s and 28s regions) are common in all organisms. The region in between the 18s and 28s is the region that is highly conserved and unique to any given species. Added to Master Mix (containing buffer solution) PCR’d ITS Region DNA is amplified out RAPD RAPD Primers OPM-01 and OPM-17 are added to the ITS-PCR DNA product and where are given a genetic fingerprint of the DNA. HOW, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE, WHO? What was done? Sufficient detail for repetition by others Results (facts only) (2) HOW, WHEN, WHAT, WHERE? What was found? Presentation of results as simply and clearly as possible Figures to present data and concepts clearly and concisely (a picture is worth 1000 words) Types of figures: photographs, drawings, tables, graphs Numerical data as tables or graphs (graphs preferred) Text to point out trends (not repeat information in figures) Discussion (3) WHY, WHAT, WHO? What does it mean? Interpretation of results relative to the hypothesis or aim Comparison with work of others References (6) WHO? List of all references cited in text http://www. bonsai-bci. com/species/bamboo. html Sabrina Caine Last modified accessed 01/06/06 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bamboo wikipedia last modified 27/05/06 accessed 01/06/06 http://www. 1earth. com. au/collect/wicker_furniture. html last modified 27/05/06 accessed 01/06/06 1Earth Antiques and Appraisals http://www. ngia. co. nz/news/507bamboo. php Nursing and Garden Industry Association (NGIA) Wellington, New Zealand Accessed 01/06/06 Updated

Gender Inequalities Essay

Gender Inequality is the differences in the status, power and prestige women and men have in groups, collectivities and societies. Gender inequality usually affects women more than men due to the status in society. Many women are affected in the workforce due to gender inequalities, in many countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan women are held at a lower position to men. In countries such as those, women are thought of as property other than human beings. Why does gender inequality happen? The answer to this question is not as simple as it may seem. The most enforcing cause of gender inequality would be stereotypes. Typically women are thought of as housewives, to stay home, cook and clean, and take care of children. Men are suppose to be the breadwinners, they are suppose to work and support the family. In modern society the thought of the typical â€Å"housewife† has changed. Ever since the Rosie the Riveter revolution during World War II, more and more women are working in the workforce instead of staying at home. Even though during this time women were encouraged to take the place of their men and work in the workforce, a glass ceiling was still created keeping women unable to be promoted and gain higher positions. see more:gender equality essay for kids Interesting enough, almost 40% of women today make more than their husbands, and women today make up almost 60% of U.S. college students and earn the majority of doctorates and master’s degrees. So why does gender inequality still exists? Its a long interval of gender differences, including roles of biology, gender socialization, and findings from other cultures. Also the different forms of gender inequalities suchs as women in the workplace, inequalities at work, and the gender pay gap take a huge toll on gender inequalities. As the differences between girls and boys are explored, the differences between men and women are also explored. Many scientist say that nature vs. nurture has a huge involvement with the biological makeup differences of men and women. A quote from Intro to Sociology states that â€Å"Scholars disagree about the degree to which biological characteristics affect gender identities as â€Å"feminine† or â€Å"masculine† and the social roles b ased on those identities. The debates is really about how much social behavior is learned versus innate (or â€Å"inborn†)†. (Intro to Soc 295). I agree with this statement because the  biological characteristics do not makeup a gender identities. Only because a woman is not built like a man does not mean she is more weak. Only because men were not exposed to more cooking and cleaning as much as a woman or young girl is, does not mean that woman or man is incapable of doing it. When thinking of the differences concerning men and women its hard to compare the behavioral differences to an overall audience. Depending on the different cultures, women and men have different morals and behaviors. For example women in Iraq are held as property to their husband, also in some Muslim countries, some women are stoned to death for wrongdoings. These example show complete inequality differences between men and women. For examples, as humans we are trained to think that woman can not perform strenuous work, its up to men to perform difficult task. These stereotypes are the ones that create gender inequalities and make it unfair for women to gain equal rights. Most sociologist argue that a mans aggressiveness varies between cultures and that women are still are as aggressive but display their aggression in a more discreet manner such as using strategies and â€Å"bad mouthing† rather than physical fights. I agree with this statement, usually men are more confrontational because men always look to be the Alpha male. When women are in a confrontation, more women will be more sneaky and rather talk than just fight physically. When it comes to the different forms of gender inequality, there are many different forms and disadvantages mainly pertaining to women. The first most common is women in the workplace, women in the workplace have more disadvantages than men. Another disadvantage would be the gender gap and pay. Men tend to receive a way higher pay than women. Each of these are examples of gender inequality, in the workplace it can be found most typical due to the stereotypical judgements of women working. The gender gap payment has a great affect on gender inequalities, since men are paid more this creates a glass ceiling for women trying to advance in the career path. In a quote by the feminist majority foundation, â€Å"In the Wall Street Journal/Gallup survey, women managers were asked what they consider to be the most serious obstacle in their business careers. Only 3% cited â€Å"family responsibilities,† but half named reasons related to their gender, including: â€Å"male chauvinism, attitudes toward a female boss, slow  advancement for women, and the simple fact of being a woman.† (FF 1) This quote shows that the main thing holding back women in the working society is stereotypes. Many women stereotypes claim that its family issues holding back our women from reaching higher levels. Many assume that if a women is a single mother, divorced, or divorcing this may take an effect on her work ability. In society when it comes to gender and family, each gender is expected to have a certain type of role. When it comes to family there are many different types and levels. Usually in a family women are expected to take care of the children and men are expected to work and provide. In this modern day society women usually do both, work and take care of their family. Since the beginning of humankind women were suppose to bare the children and men were suppose to provide for the family. Since this though was considered since the begnning of mankind its hard to earse this thought. Still til this day, women mainly do the cooking while men provide. Since women are mainly thought of being in the kitchen, its hard for men to picture women in the workfield. Since the beginning o f time women have been thought of as the housekeepers. When World War II came around things changed and women had to step up to the plate. Ads such as Rosie the Riveter promoted women to get jobs and work outside the household. Before this time the life for a woman was boring and just an endless cycle of the same tasks. Many books were written explaining the average life of the housewife such as â€Å"captive wife† by Gavron in 1966. During the 1970s and 1980s a spring of debates and research formed on family from feminist viewing this topic. Before feminist began to look t the value of family, the researched typically focused on the kinship and family ties and how society affects them. Feminist began to focus on inside the family to examine a woman’s experience in the domestic atmosphere. Many feminist argued that there was an unequal power instilled in the families and that more family benefitted more than the other. There are three spectrums that feminist found important when examining the importance of family. One is the domestic of labor, which is the way tasks are allocated among household members. Feminist tend to disagree about the historical upcoming if this division. Some view it as a effect of the industrial capitalism. Another theme would be unequal power relationships, whi ch equals domestic violence. Many feminist argue that violent and abusive sides of families have been ignored  in both academic contexts and legal and policy circles. feminist feel that the family serves as a gender oppression. The last theme would be caring activities, this theme extends from looking after a person who is ill to looking after an elder. Not only do women complete household chores and child care they also have significant emotional labor in maintaining personal relationships (Duncome and Marsden 1993). Caring activities are grounded by in love, deep emotion, they also require an ability to listen, perceive, negotiate, and act creatively (Intro Soc 500). Women play a huge role when it comes to family and society. Women provide a nurturing environment for society because of their loving nature. Without a mothers nurturing nature, children wouldn’t have the ability to grow properly. A woman is the foundation to any family, without a woman a family wouldn’t be able to function properly. When it comes to a family women aren’t just housewives, they are the emotional base and protectors of the family. In conclusion I feel that men and women should have equal power, especially w hen it comes to the work force. Many women have to deal with stereotypical comments in the workforce and sexual harassment. Harassment is also a big difficulty for women to proceed in the workforce, a quote from a Huff Post article â€Å"The HuffPost poll found that one in five women said they’d been harassed by a boss, and one in four said they had been harassed by another co worker. And although women were more likely than men to say that they had been victims of one or both types of sexual harassment, men also reported being sexually harassed — 6 percent said they were harassed by a boss and 14 percent by a coworker.† (Huff Post 1) This proves that women not only have to deal with stereotypes but also have to deal with sexual harassment which is even more difficult. Women should just have an equal position in status compared to men because, women can do anything a man can do. In some cultures such as Muslim cultures, women have little to no rights and sometimes even die for committing the sm allest thing against their husbands. Women typically have it more difficult than men because women are seen as a piece of property rather than being their own person. Its concerns me how much we seem to belittle our women in society even though they are the foundation to any family and the rock to any man.

How to Play Soccer

Period 4 03/03/10 Playing Soccer Soccer, or Football as many people may call it, is one of the most popular sports around the world today. Most people that play this wonderful and thrilling sport have many techniques in doing so. Every person has a unique style of playing. There are also different tactics and dribbling methods involved when playing soccer. Here are some ways of playing soccer and becoming better at it while practicing hard and developing new soccer skills.Warming up before starting a soccer match is the key because by doing so, you avoid getting your muscles hurt. This step should always be included when playing any sport not just soccer in order to play better and obtain better results. Doing drills is one way to warm –up. There are a variety of soccer drills available to start warming up before actually playing. One really good drill to warm –up is to place cones in a straight line and separate them about one foot apart. Then have a couple of balls at the first cone and start running around each cone with a ball on your feet.When you are done with one round, leave the ball at the end of the route and start the next round with a new ball. Another great warm –up exercise is to run about two laps in order to get your muscles and joints hot and ready. A series of small exercises are needed to start playing smoothly such as, jumping jacks, sit –ups, running in place, and push-ups. These are all great warm-up exercises before playing a soccer game. The next step in playing soccer is to actually play against your opponent.The objective of a soccer game is to score as many goals as possible on your opponent’s goal. The forwards need to score as many goals as possible and the defense needs to block any chances of a goal coming to their goal. The goalie is very important too because she/he is the one that keeps the other team from scoring, by blocking all the possibilities with their hands, feet, or even their body. T he midfielders are the ones who get the ball back to their teammates and run back and forth the whole match. They are also mportant in a game because they distribute the ball throughout the soccer field and make the game flow better. Cool down is the last step of playing soccer. You should walk with your hands over your head. This helps because your lungs become smaller when you run and by doing this exercise you expand your lungs again. While doing this you can also drink water or any electrolyte drink with vitamins. This helps you by getting all of your energy boosted back to your body. Eating healthy snacks after a game is also very important because when you exercise your body looses vitamins and nutrients.Fruits, vegetables, and granola bars are a great way to get all of those lost nutrients and revitalize your body system. Relaxing is the last step you should do to reduce stress after playing soccer. Also when you get home you should take a hot shower to reduce fatigue and soo the your muscles. By doing all of these steps you can become a really good soccer player and even the next Cristiano Ronaldo or Lionel Messi who are the two best soccer players in the world today! These are all the reasons I have to tell you that soccer is one of the best sports in the world today.

Personal Case Study Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal Case Study Paper - Essay Example The opportunity below presents itself for improved business model, but only if the cultural paradigms can be addressed effectively. In this case, the organization is private faith-based company. It has existed for over hundred years. Faith-Based Organization X specializes in faith-based academics. The organization was undergoing major paradigm shifts in the culture as well as divisional subcultures because of altering business models within each division. Under the new leadership of the vice-president, leading two divisions, there were concerns on matters including management and decision making. Employees were expected to accommodate changes with grace. This resulted to change in the company’s culture mode. The main reason for this was the uncomfortable expectations of the management, requiring employees to accommodate the change. Therefore, the drastic expectation of change was hard to be accommodated by the employees. I worked for the organization in a span of three years, where I performed two roles. I began by leading a division as a director. After some time, I was transferred into a training role. The report of this personal case study will be through the eyes of the director role I played while in the organization. A typical director role consists of developing and leading strategic initiatives, talent development and process improvements. There are also many decisions that are made at the director level. A director must be the team leader and he/she must be able to initiate and implement new ideas. The director must ensure the mission; vision and goals of the company must be met accordingly. (Sinclair, 1998) The chart above displays the current structure of the company during my tenure in the company as a director. This structure was the new organizational structure in the company during my period of work in the discussed organization. The above division shifted in

How Amazon Became One of Todays Major Online Retail Players Essay

How Amazon Became One of Todays Major Online Retail Players - Essay Example Amazon.com is a multinational electronic commerce company and is the world’s largest online retailer. It was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994. As Fisk (2009, p. 102) states, the company started its business operations as on online bookstore and rapidly grew as a retailer of DVDs, CDs, MP3 downloads, video games, apparel, computer software, food and toys. The firm provides international shipping services to several countries in order to market some of its products. In 2010, the company earned US$34.304 billion as revenues on the strength of its 33,700 employees. The company’s remarkable achievements during a short period of time can be directly attributed to its strategic changes in the E-commerce practice. The retail E-commerce can be classified into two broad categories such as traditional forms and modern forms. The traditional forms of E-commerce mainly constituted online shopping which is a process that enables customers to purchase required products from any part of t he globe as and when needed. The idea of a â€Å"virtual bookstore† assisted the Amazon to dominate the market since its very initial stages of business once this concept was new to consumers. In addition, the company offered special features related to selection, convenience, price, and service. The company’s huge database of 1.1 million titles aided its customers to get a wide range of book selection (University of Washington). Amazon’s patented ‘1-Click’ express shooting technology provided greater convenience to customers as this feature made the ordering process easy. Amazon also allowed high discounts on best sellers. â€Å"The e-mail and telephone customer support, automated order confirmation, and tracking and shipping information† were the innovative service features of the company (Introduction to E-commerce). Since the internet has imposed little selling regulation on the firm, it could rapidly grow using its real-time optimization strategy.        

The role of the CLI in modern computing operating systems Essay

The role of the CLI in modern computing operating systems - Essay Example A CLI comes with a command line interpreter that interprets the command and implements it. The command line interpreter might be running in a text terminal or in a terminal emulator windows as a remote shell. Once the command finishes execution, the output of that command might be in the form of a text displayed on the interface itself (MSCOM, 2007). The concept of CLI emerged when teletypewriter machines used to connected to computers in 1950s, and gave results on the demand as compared to other technologies such as batch based punched card inputs used during those times. After the success of the initial CLIs, next came the CRT based terminals that had the capability of interacting faster, they could display more information, and the development kept on going. Currently, the personal computers of today have all three forms of processing, i.e. batch processing, GUI and CLI. CLIs are complex, and most non-computer people prefer not to use it. This is why, it is often assumed that CLIs have become extinct and they are no longer used. However, it is not the case as CLIs continue to grow alongside the GUIs provided by Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc. Several application also utilize the CLI and mix it with GUI to achieve better results. An example of such application software is MATLAB, and AutoCAD. Besides being embedded with different applications, all the operating systems implemented on the routers, switches, etc. for networking have CLI based operating systems. The application of CLI is when we have a large number of commands or queries available along with different options and we can give those commands faster than we can using a GUI. The command shells of various operating systems that come with Windows, Linux, Mac Os, etc. work on similar base. Some programming languages such as BASIC, Python, Forth, LISP, etc all provide a modified interactive version of command line interface. Another major application of CLI is its use in engineering and

Product or Service Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Product or Service Design - Research Paper Example However, I shall be using the example of two very famous products and services around us. Firstly, I shall be describing the iPhone. This smart gadget, manufactured by Apple Inc, is more than just a phone and has revolutionized the communication and entertainment world around us. Secondly, I shall describe about a famous service that most people are addicted to. This is Facebook, the social networking website that has become one of the most popular websites of all times with millions of members from around the world. Competitive advantage refers to the advantages a product or a service enjoys over its competitors. In the context of iPhones, the product has a great competitive edge on its competitors. Firstly, when the product was launched, the iPods (another entertainment product by Apple Inc) had already captured the market. Hence, when Apple combined all those features into a phone, the product itself developed a competitive edge and became unique. Moreover, Apple provided the option to the users to install applications of their own choice. This option was never provided before in any phone, hence this also made the iPhone a unique product. Besides this, the sleek design and the touch interface also made apple acquire a competitive edge in the market. iPhone faced its biggest competition with well established brands in the communication market such as Motorolla and Nokia. Both these companies have launched their products in competition to the iPhone introducing almost the same features. Facebook, in order to get a competitive advantage, targeted the service only for college students initially. They allowed college students within a network to interact with each other. This created their demand amongst the social networking websites. Besides, Facebook also allowed users to use applications of their choice. When Facebook entered the social networking market, it faced its greatest competition from Myspace and Orkut. Both these websites had

Should China's neighbours be concerned that 21st century China will Essay

Should China's neighbours be concerned that 21st century China will revert to Middle Kingdom dominance over them based on Chin - Essay Example It is a country with a great vision and focus and while its neighbors term it as a small a nation, its upcoming dominance might shake the world. The world has been under the influence of the current super powers who reign on the basis of their world war two military prowess. Their dominance is based on past events and the mindset that other small countries are inferior in their cultures and forms of governance. But according Martin Jacques believe Europe and the United States will eventually watch as China rises to power while their dominance and influence declines (Martin, 2009, Pg. 99). China has set its eyes to greater achievements by mobilizing the entire nation to move as one family towards a common goal. With great development policies the economy of China has been on the record in the past decades for its significant growth. It employs different mechanisms that are very outstanding and free from Western influence. Though the Western countries still relate the country to its pa st failures in terms of lack of their style of democracy, poor standards of environment conservation and tribal affiliations, China has picked herself from its past inequities to a more transformed nation. But their attitudes have diverted the Western nations understanding of China in its real present terms. Most of these powerful countries don’t believe that China will economic growth would last at all. The history of its past regimes failing to sustain the country is their point of judging the current regime. But over the past thirty years they Chinas leaders have all a common objective of steering the country to greater economical heights (Wang, 2003, Pg.122). Political regimes in these years have without been the most successful in the history of china. Therefore China now boasts of the greatest achievements in the recent times. The diversity and racial distribution in this populous nation is quite big and more unified than any other powerful nation. China looks at itself as a civilized nation other than influenced nation state. There is a closely knit tie that makes the society and the state a due to their attachment in their worship of ancestral ways (Brodsgaard, 1998 Pg. 88). Their traditions, Chinese foods and their unifying language give every citizen a sense of belonging in this country. This cohesion has been its source of development force over the years. China strives to empower every citizen despite of their race, culture or even religious affiliation. The country’s identity has been modeled by its history as a civilized state in terms of their way of thinking, identity and culture. Other powerful countries on the contrary have based their national identity on the past eras. This is evident in their ways of leadership and governance systems which have at most times divided their citizens in terms of inferiority. Such governance experiences a lot of opposition from their citizens. The luck of a united stand of these superpowers will be the source of their downfall in the near future as China braces itself to take over the world (Martin, 2009, Pg. 120). The United States and Europe have never given China a thought of taking over the world since they rule under the mediocrity of past WWII ideologies. But to their surprise the economic and technological advance of China will be the start of their downfall. China has for years improved its ties with other countries through trade and continued mutual

How do diabetes management teams increase patient concordance among Dissertation

How do diabetes management teams increase patient concordance among type 2 diabetics - Dissertation Example How do diabetes management teams increase patient concordance among type 2 diabetics: a Literature Review Douglas M Vergne Dissertation submitted as part of the requirements for the award of MSc Advanced Practice University of Dundee, June, 2013. ... M Vergne 070017010, am declaring that I am the sole author of this dissertation; that the work has not previously been accepted as part of any other degree submission; that all references cited have been consulted; that I have conducted all the work of which this is a record, and that the finished work contains (21844) words with allowable exclusions. Date: 1-13-2012 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Scoring System for Study Validity p. 21 Table 2: Results of the Review p. 57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my family for giving me the support needed to see me through this challenge. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my mentors here at school, for their patience guidance, confidence and encouragement. I hope this will make you proud. Of course, I will never forget my friends, for being with me through thick and thin, through happiness and sadness, and to achievements and trials. PERMISSION TO COPY The School of Nursing & Midwifery keeps electronic copies of all Masters Dissertations. An impor tant reason for this is that the University library no longer stores hard bound copies of Masters Dissertations. This means that they are no longer available in the public domain for future students should they wish to access them. We would wish to make the Dissertations of Masters Graduates available to future students by placing a range of examples from previous students on My Dundee. We may elect to use your Dissertation as one of the examples. Note that your name will be removed from the dissertation should we choose to use it, so you will not be identifiable. However, you do not have to agree to this if you do not wish to, without giving a reason and without any negative consequence. It is for this reason that we are inviting you to choose one of the two following options. OPTION A: By

Market Analysis & Industry Analysis Tablet Market Term Paper

Market Analysis & Industry Analysis Tablet Market - Term Paper Example The globally competitive nature of the modern business environment makes it very relevant for companies to put in a lot of efforts into their marketing. This is because through marketing, they are presented with opportunities that make it possible for them to identify the right people within the competitive market who can be strategically presented with what the company has (Kotler and Keller, 2009). Marketing also sets the pace for companies to develop the best forms of strategic options that help in making them competitive as against their core competitors with whom they are in the same market with (Adcock, Halborg and Ross, 2001). With this said, it will be appreciated that marketing is a very broad and relatively generalized concept for any company. It is for this reason that aspects of marketing must be clearly defined in order to make the most of the concept. In this paper, two very important areas of marketing are focused and these are market analysis and industry analysis. Ma rket and industry analysis can be said to be part of the overall research and development (R&D) component of marketing where companies get to study and understand their market and the industry within which they operate in a better way through critical evaluation of market and industry variables (Kotler and Keller, 2009). In this paper, some of the areas that are given include product category, market segmentation, competitors, and product positioning.

Cultural variations on some common human dimensions Assignment

Cultural variations on some common human dimensions - Assignment Example nd is sacred to them and it is what kinks them to their ancestors thus the saying ancestral land, therefore to them it is absurd to think that one can sell land like one can sell an item of the shelf of a supermarket. Basically natives can sell their land but only to the base the land has only been leased. William James was a pioneer in the field of psychology noted that the human consciousness was like a stream ever changing and ever moving. What one culture might consider being an escape from reality may be a deeply religious gateway to the spirit world for another culture. Learning to appreciate and respect other cultural practices of others without being judgmental is one of the steps necessary for a more culturally aware and proud generation. To most Americans their morning shower doesn’t have any religious or cultural importance but to some native tribes as well as The Muslims this it does have religious implications and significance, therefore people ought to respect and celebrate the different cultures and traditions that they

Sources of Power Essay Example for Free

Sources of Power Essay Power is very important in any organization whether it’s in the public or private sector. A person’s title or position determines the level of power they have to change policies and/or organizational structures. The ability to convince others, to lead others to your own conclusion, to use logic and facts to make people believe you are right. Power is a possessive word that possesses authority above others. The author of 5 Sources of Power in an Organization by Paul Merchant states†¦five sources of power, namely: coercive, referent, legitimate, expert and reward power. Legitimate Power Legitimate power is also considered positional power because a person’s position determines the amount of power they have. Every job position in an organization requires that there are employees of many levels, and that a lower level employee reports to a higher level manager. A great leader should be prepared to deal with their employees in various aspects as all employees are not the same. A greater leader earns the respect of its employees or team member by proving their worth and their ability to lead and manage well. Merchant states, Legitimate power is also known as positional power. Its derived from the position a person holds in an organizations hierarchy. An example of legitimate power is that held by a companys CEO. Expert power An expert in a subject matter is knowledgeable and can be a resource to those that are looking for pertinent information to complete a task. This source of power ties into the meaning of legitimate power. Those whom have earned the power are most certainly experts. As expressed by Merchant; Possession of expert power is normally a stepping stone to other sources of power such as legitimate power. For example, a person who holds expert power can be promoted to senior management, thereby giving him legitimate power. Referent Power Merchant speaks of referent power and refers to this type of power as, in other words, power achieved â€Å"by association†. Referent power is derived from the interpersonal relationships that a person cultivates with other people in the organization. People possess reference power when others respect and like them. Referent power arises from charisma, as the charismatic person influences others via the admiration, respect and trust others have for her. Referent power is also derived from personal connections that a person has with key people in the organizations hierarchy, such as the CEO. Its the perception of the personal relationships that she has that generates her power over others. Coercive Power Coercive power is a source of modern day bullying in the workplace. Some managers enjoy this type of power because they are not concerned about having a harmonious work environment, but rather a hostile one. Coercion is used to control. An example used by Merchant is a persons ability to influence others via threats, punishments or sanctions. A junior staff member may work late to meet a deadline to avoid disciplinary action from his boss. Reward Power Everyone loves to be acknowledged and rewarded for great work, and many people would love to be rewarded monetarily. This source of power can be a blessing and curse depending on how it’s used. If it is used fairly then it can be a great incentive but if not then it will create a hostile or chaotic environment within an organization. Reward power arises from the ability of a person to influence the allocation of incentives in an organization. These incentives include salary increments, positive appraisals and promotions. In an organization, people who wield reward power tend to influence the actions of other employees. Constituent Group: NAACP The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Color People) is a constituent group that fights for civil rights. This organization has been in existence for over one hundred years. This nonprofit organization generates funds primarily through membership dues as well as corporate and individual donations. The NAACP has a lot of power mainly legitimate power. There are committee members from all work backgrounds. The NAACP uses its power to fight for the right of the protected class (African American). A local issue in Houston, TX is they are fighting to keep a predominantly black school district open that is a low performing school district. Another issue that is more recent is the potential closure of a middle school in the Houston area in the largest school district in Houston that happens to be in the predominantly black area. Public Influence The NAACP has had tremendous influence on the public decisions. Over a year ago the Region 4 TEA (Teacher Education Agency) of Texas recommended that the previously mentioned school district North Forest Independent School district closes permanently because of its low performance throughout the years. The NAACP along with various other community leaders was able to convince school leaders to keep the school district open to allow the chance for improvement. Now this district faces closure again, but the community leaders along with the NAACP say that they will fight tooth and nail to keep this low performing district open. Power is an important thing for leaders to have. Some use it well to their advantage and some abuse it. Many politicians and public figures use their power to launder money and for their benefit; which is totally inappropriate. The type of power one uses determines on the outcome of their followers. Leaders and managers must know how to lead and manage to be successful. Those characteristics are important to have in order for one to be successful. Power is very important in any organization whether it’s in the public or private sector. A person’s title or position determines the level of power they have to change policies and/or organizational structures. The ability to convince others, to lead others to your own conclusion, to use logic and facts to make people believe you are right. Power is a possessive word that possesses authority above others. The author of 5 Sources of Power in an Organization by Paul Merchant states†¦five sources of power, namely: coercive, referent, legitimate, expert and reward power.

State Bank Of India Marketing Essay

State Bank Of India Marketing Essay The banking industry is highly competitive. The financial services industry has beenaround for hundreds of years and just about everyone who needs banking servicesalready has them. Because of this, banks must attempt to lure clients away fromcompetitor banks. They do this by offering lower financing, preferred rates andinvestment services. The banking sector is in a race to see who can offer both the bestand fastest services. 2.Buyer Power: High With the emergence of larger number of players in the Banking Industry, the switchingcost of the buyer has gone done significantly. The bonus is now on the effectiveness and speed with which the services are provided to the customers. Financial institutions byoffering better exchange rates, more services, and exposure to foreign capital markets -work extremely hard to get high-margin corporate clients. Options in the Auto FinanceSector also give the customers more power to decide upon the kind of financing.Introduction of specialized products for Women and Students etc also show that thebuyer power is high in this Industry. 3.Supplier Power: Low The suppliers of capital do not pose a big threat, but the threat of suppliers takingaway the human resource. If a talented individual is working in a smaller regionalbank, there is the chance that person will be enticed away by bigger banks,investment firms, etc. 4.Threat of New Entrants: Low Starting a bank in a country like India is not as easy as any other industry, but if anew bank is started that is mainly targeted on Niche Segments might pose a threat to SBI. The new entrants from a different country are always discouraged to takepart. BCG MATRIX BCG growth share matrix uses relative market shares and annual rate of market growth as criteria to quick investment decision . It can be subdivided into the following 1.CASHCOWHere mature and successful business that generates excess cash with low investment 2.DOGSlow market share generating very low cash 3.QUESTION MARK?low market share in high grow market requiring substantial market 4.STARfast growing industry with high market share which requires investment CUSTOMER VALUES THE VALUE CHAINIt is a tool for identifying the ways to create more customer values through various activity perform to design. MARKETING PLAN: Institution for advanced learning: To provide state of the art training in financial products to middle level and senior level executives. Internal consultant/change agent:To act as a catalyst for change in attitudes and orientation of banking staff and to provide expertise and consultative support. Feedback supplier:Capture and structure feedback from the trainees and the market. Think tank:To provide expert and informed suggestions, model business suggestions, analysis of market development from a bankers perspective. Research and development:To carry out research on contemporary subjects which are relevant to banks medium and short term operational needs and policies. Overlapping staff training centres:Monitoring and validating staff training centres. Strategies employed by State Bank of India To counter the intense competition from private and foreign banks, SBI carried out amajor Organizational restructuring exercise. The key aspects involved: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Redesigning of Branches. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Technological upgradation (Core  Banking System). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Providing alternate channels. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Focus on a  lean structure.The objective being to increase customer satisfaction convenience, simplifyingprocesses for employees, enhancing SBIs competitiveness in the market and in turn increasing the profitability through higher market share and improved processefficiency. MACRO MICRO ENVIRONMENTS OF SBI: For any decisions there are number of factors which influences the decisions.The factors which influences the decision are also termed as its environment.The environment can be internal,can be controlled by the organisation.Micro specific to industry and is different for different industry and Macro generic in nature and is intented for business environment. Macroenvironment of SBI are:- 1.Demographic 2.Economic 3.Socio-Cultural 4.Natural 5.Technological 6.Political-Legal Micro environment factor closed to business that have a direct impact on its business operation and success.The factors are:- 1.Customers 2.Employees 3.Suppliers 4.Shareholders 5.Media 6.Competitors CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR: Since SBI has a large number of banking outlets all over the nation, its consumers do transactions to a great extent. MARKETING RESEARCH (SALES FORECASTING): As of August 27 2012,the concensus format amongst 48 polled investment analysts covering SBI advises investors to hold their position in the company. The previous consensus forecast advised that SBI would outperform the market. Share Price Forecast-the 45 analysts offering 12 month price target s for SBI have a median target of 2121 with a high estimate of 2881 pts. BASES AND LEVELS OF SEGMENTATION: Segmentation:To identify groups of buyers within a market place,which are distinguished by varying needs and behaviour. BASES: Geographic:eg:Biometric ATM Demographic:eg:Kisan Credit Card Behavioural:eg:Saving Banks Account Psycographic:Credit Card,Platinum Card,Smart Card,Vishwa Yatra LEVELS:Local Marketing:Tailored to the needs and wants of local customer groups. Mass Marketing:Done through Radio,Television and Newspapers. Niche Marketing:Meant for the elite class(Platinum Cards) Segment Marketing:Recognizes that buyers differ in needs,perceptions and buying behaviour. TARGETING DONE BY SBI: Product Specialization:Car/Auto Loans,Consortium Advances Market Specialization:Home Loans Full Market Specialization:Home Loans,Education Loans POSITIONING: Positioning strategies can be conceived developed in avariety of ways.It can be derived from the object attributes,competition,application,the types of consumers involved,or the characteristics of the product class. Strategies based on:- 1.Customer benefits 2.Pricing 3.Applications 4.Product Process 5.Product Class 6.Cultural Symbols 7.Competitors Some of the Positional Strategies taken by SBI are of the following: 1.Launched new products and services to enhance its image as a customer friendly Bank. 2.SBI has also entered into several alliances and tie-ups with automobile insurance,mutual fund,project finance and medical equipment companies. 3.Marketing initiatives to improve its reach,eg:aggressive marketing through print and television media. QUESTIONNAIRE Name ____________________________________ Occupation ________________________________ Contact Detail ______________________________ Age: Less than 21 22-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 60+ 2. Gender: Male Female 3. Marital Status Single Married Others 4. On which bank you depend for your regular transaction? SBI Allahabad Bank PNB Other Bank, please specify (_______________) 5. Are you aware of the products services provided by SBI? Yes No 6. If yes are you aware of the advance products(Loan Segments) of SBI ? Yes No 7. Which bank you prefer for taking loans ? SBI Allahabad Bank PNB Others, specify(____________) 8. If you prefer SBI for taking loan then what inflence you to take loan from SBI ? _____________________________ _____________________________ 9. Which loan product of SBI have you used ? Home Loan Education Loan Car Loan Personal Loan Other Loans, Specify (_____) 10. What do you feel about the services provided by SBI in advance product ? Bad Satisfactory Good Excellent 11. Which features you like most in loan segments of SBI ? Less paper work Attractive Interest Rate Transparency Simple and Fast processing Flexibility to choose an EMI base loan or an overdraft Longer tenure loan for ease of repayment Specially designed product for self employed Any other feature, specify (______) 11. Mention that account type you are having currently ? _________________________________________ 12. How far are you satisfied with the current services of the bank ? Very satisfied Satisfied Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied Dissatisfied Very dissatisfied 13. The most frequently used service by you is of ________. Banking Outlets Internal Banking Mobile ATM Others 14. Any suggestion you want to give for the betterment of SBI products ? ________________________ ________________________

Principles of Accounting

Principles of Accounting This assignment is based on the accounting and its principles. This assignment contains the explanation of accounting and how much that is effective in any business. Different roles of the accounting in business. This assessment also defines the difference between the financial accounting and management accounting as well. There are also some steps are explained that are used for the planning and budgeting of the business. All this assignment is based on the accounting principles and rules and regulation set by the business organisation. Accounting, acquired sorting, recovery, sketch out, and despite the various reports and information on tests showing that the recording of Financial trades. In like manner to the preparation of the formal accounting of these works, including those who have a calling. Accounting principles he rules and guidelines that companies must follow when reporting financial data. The common set of accounting principles are: Accrual Principle Conservatism Principle Consistency Principle Cost Principle Economic Entity Principle Full Disclosure Principle Going Concern Principle Matching Principle Monetary Unit Principle (Coller, 2015) The main objective of the responsible accounting is providing help in the planning and control of the responsibility centres of the company. Treatment of solid and similar things it recommends the use of accounting system. The work that goes into setting accounting standards of the need for equality is based around an incredible piece. (accounting, n.d.) Good but will be good to explain some of those principles Responsible accounting refers to that type of accounting which is related to budgeting and internal accounting of an organization. The main objective of the responsible accounting is providing help in the planning and control of the responsibility centres of the company. It also involves the preparation of monthly and annual budget for every responsibility centre. OK Characteristics of Responsibility accounting are: Understand ability This kind of expression, clarity, accounting information would be appropriate to propose that the customers who are generally expected to learn the trade and budgetary activities is a sensible. OK Relevance It brings to be important, accounting information should help to shape a client, certified or perhaps a scene change settling on a decision (as this would have a right to my contribution, it would be prudent for a as a rule, I must deposit money to this business? it is thought to be a smart thing for me to do this business?) OK Consistency Treatment of solid and similar things it recommends the use of accounting system. The work that goes into setting accounting standards of the need for equality is based around an incredible piece. OK Reliability Interprets that the accounting information is shown, the straight right, (not necessarily anything left behind a remarkable open door) with and being checked (eg a potential budgetary authority) to get ready. OK Objectivity The estimate provided accounting information and a fair way is declared. By the end of the day, it is a particular client or individual holding the pile is uneven. (Collier, 2015) OK Management accounting is the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation, and communication of information that assists managers in specific decision making within the framework of fulfilling the organizational objectives. That include: Planning: Planning method without further ado or maybe the whole deal. Incredibly organization, with emphasis on the process of creating a convincing business results for orchestrating a drive to collect ached. Planning: management accounting is a basic part of this range is expected. Good Arrangements: Management accounting intense coordination between the various divisions tries to achieve. The division focuses on the need to report the expenses system, to fill various needs this information allows the organization supports. OK Coordinating: a movement of inspiration for athletic technique. Additionally, the accounting organization, towards the achievement of the desired goals of the different divisions related to energize workers while contributing to each and every business destinations like the way allows for example, tries.   OK Controlling: control, so far as money-related arrangements for the holding of a trade are useful in empowering technology is concerned, as well as budgetary control to control a fine strategy. Such divergence in the performance of the business in terms of substance to restorative measures are helpful. OK Communicating: The results of this strategy that the proprietors, supervisors and subordinates are passed through. Essential for customers highlighting the necessary information transmitting data, for example, business progress, joins budgetary position. (Collier, 2015) Very Good There are different important aspects that relate to different features of the businesses finances activities    financial accounting, and management accounting. Financial accounting Financial accounts to its peers out of a relationship is used to present economic prosperity. Best administrative employees, stockholders, foundations and various testers budgetary financial accounting reports are gathering for the audience. Allocation of Financial accounting presents a particular time in the past and see how the Association is performed enables the social function. Financial accounting reports must be stored on a yearly beginning, and associations to publicly traded, some sections of the annual report should be made to record all-inclusive community. Ok Management Accounting Organization or official accounts concerning the normal operation of a business decision to settle is used by the owner. It is in the light of past performance, but not yet present and future examples, which do not contemplate the measure number is developed. As the owner of a volatile situation continued operation in a short time period, the decision to organize the needed parts of the organizations accounting and business decision-making, for example, depends on the enthusiasm. (Collier, 2015) OK Budgeting- its process to how to and how much spend money on different activities to achieve organisational goals creating a Budget. The budget is using by every company or business to set all the expectations for revenue and expenses. Clear. Planning a budget: Identify expenses Pick a sensible rate of your wage to set aside for conceivable later utilize resources or hypothesis accounts. The more you can redirect into hypothesis funds, the better. 10% is a tolerable aggregate for an enthusiastic couple, however sparing even as forlorn as 1 percent can help you to set up strong affinities and begin an instance of setting cash aside. OK Identify expenses There is a degree of differentiating choices to examine when youre set up to make your spending bunch. You can keep it fundamental, utilizing a pen-and-paper framework, or you can utilize a PC programming bunch.   OK Finding the amount for savings On the off chance that your aggregate pay is palatable to deal with your costs and ventures, make seven days by week or month to month spending plan apportioning clear totals for each costs thing. Selecting a budget format Set aside the opportunity to look at the financial course of action now to guarantee that it is sensible and all remuneration and costs are addressed. (Collier, 2015) Good Explain what is an accounting performance? Financial Ratios A standard financial verbalization examination device is budgetary degrees. These degrees take data from the company. Financial pronouncements and learn budgetary pointers for association with another affiliation or the business standard. Financial degrees unite liquidity, resource turnover, monetary use and preferred standpoint computations. Liquidity degrees take in the company capacity to meet decisively budgetary duties. Resource turnover degrees show how well the affiliation utilizes its purposes of enthusiasm for make benefits. OK Horizontal Analysis A Horizontal Financial verbalization examination considers current budgetary pronouncements to a past year financial data. Affiliations a significant part of the time facilitate this examination by putting quite a while of trade related elucidations out a one next to the next examination arrange.   OK Vertical Analysis A vertical financial verbalization examination is composed utilizing basic size financial elucidations. An ordinary measure Financial articulation indicates everything on a monetary elucidation in a rate figure for every revelation line thing. A vertical examination gives supervisor a substitute choice for evaluating financial data; administrators might be more open to looking as opposed to dollar sums.   OK Trend Percentage Analysis A case rate examination is an upgraded even examination system. Slant rate examinations help affiliations perceive persisting vocations or costs from past bookkeeping periods. These cases can help supervisor settle on business choices concerning future operations. OK Best administrative employees, stockholders, foundations and various testers budgetary financial accounting reports are gathering for the audience. Allocation of Financial accounting presents. Financial pronouncements and learn budgetary pointers for association with another affiliation or the business standard. Financial degrees unite liquidity, resource turnover, monetary use and preferred standpoint computations. Liquidity degrees take in the company capacity to meet decisively budgetary duties. Sales cost per unit is dependable. Variable expenses per unit are unsurprising. Total settled expenses are constant. Everything passed on is sold. Costs are influenced considering the way that action changes. Valid points Helpful exercises solidify giving things, associations or cash without altering for any lack by paying representatives less or charging clients more. Financial accounts to its peers out of a relationship is used to present economic prosperity. Best administrative employees, stockholders, foundations and various testers budgetary financial accounting reports are gathering for the audience. This part is not enough clear How diversity in accounting regulation impacts the business Diversity in accounting refers to differences in recording and using financial information; American businesses working with international corporations face challenges handling diversity when dealing with accounting principles. While many companies deal with the differences without interrupting business operation The budgetary effect for relationship of gathered qualities in bookkeeping comes when firms inaccuracy to pull as a rule meander holds in context of bookkeeping contrasts. A helpful business can show up, from each edge, to be a losing wind when the affiliations books are recalculated into figures utilizing masterminded general bookkeeping frameworks or strategies. Regardless of when inspectors are given the bookkeeping contrasts, many are hesitant to put everything out there when confronted with the capabilities in the meander portfolios. This explanation is not clear and you must provide an appropriate example How responsible accounting contributes to ethical and socially and culturally appropriate decision making Ethical Ethical social duty consolidates practices like paying specialists a sensible wage and getting grass-sustained meat from a near to cultivate disregarding the way that it costs you more than experiencing a national provider. Helpful exercises solidify giving things, associations or cash without altering for any lack by paying representatives less or charging clients more. You essentially give in light of an authentic sympathy toward your burger joint without any strings joined to endeavours that favoured viewpoint district occupants, for example, gaining kid auto seats for the contiguous patching centre to progress to unseasoned watchmen. Social Social responsibility is discovered into your budgetary approach by the cash you spare, for instance, through reusing instead of disposing of wrinkled cardboard, or the cash you get by supporting human expressions and get-togethers that attract after-theatre bistros to your foundation. Sans gluten menu things are another example of satisfying the get-togethers dietary needs while making an extra favourable position stream for your cafe.   Ok Culture Culture of adjust, regard and high great benchmarks all through your cafe by tolerating dependable procedures and system and placing them into well-ordered practice on each Horizontal, from association to dishwashers. Evaluate all zones of operation for conceivable changes, from where you buy your make to what you do with your waste. Look to those with a stake in your business, including operators, clients, providers and industry accomplices, for beneficial insights that meet high great gauges. Link them together Regard and high great benchmarks all through the company must have a dependable procedures and system and placing them into well-ordered practice on each Horizontal, from association to dishwashers. Need some effective and technical methods Need some training efforts and schedule for the freshers to understand accounting. Accountants must have mathematical skills. Recommendation must be your own vision It is concluded from the above discussion that the accounting in the business have their own roles and responsibilities in the business. Without the accounting system in any business, that cant be run successfully and smoothly.   References accounting. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/accounting.html accounting, m. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.allbusinessschools.com/accounting/common-questions/role-of-the-management-accountant/ accounting, r. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/accounting/purpose-and-characteristics-of-responsibility-accounting/52889/   Collier, P.M. (2015). introduction to accounting, Accounting for managers, Willey.ppt-17.

Positive Depiction of Communism in Buffy the Vampire Slayer TV Series E

Red Revised In a recent article concerning the political movement behind followers of Garabandal, journalist Barry Hanratty reports â€Å"to speak of communism today almost seems anachronistic† (Hanratty). Communism today does seem to be an oxymoron. The United States’ Cold War politics have trapped communism in a different century and attached to this word those negative feelings once associated with foreign Communist powers. Americans have now forgotten the actual definition of communism, relying solely on the propaganda fed to America during its wars against communist nations and particularly Joseph McCarthy’s time in Congress. However, some individuals in America are moving past the propaganda and looking at communism at the root of its definition, seeing it - not as a totalitarian form of government, but rather as a system which distributes all property of a community equally among community members, making social class nonexistent and all individuals share equal economic status. Fran Rubel Kuzui proved to be one of those individuals by directing the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer which shows communism as something positive rather than threatening. The episode that exemplifies this most is â€Å"Normal Again.† In this episode, Kuzui uses the two realities Buffy finds herself in to contrast communism with capitalism, showing not only a preference to communism, but also that it has a place in a new generation. Each form of the two economic systems are established in their respective realities through camera angles. In the reality where Buffy is a vampire slayer, the camera shoots everything at a level angle. When her friends help Buffy up off the bench in the graveyard, the camera follows Buffy in a way that... ...ording to his need. Our nation’s history with communism has clouded this economic philosophy, thereby preventing the youth of the United States to weigh communism fairly. â€Å"Normal Again† gives a new generation a new perspective. This episode opened up the possibility that the capitalism that rules America may be just as constricting and frustrating as a mental institution; that the only escape may be the equality-centered community communism offers. Works Cited Page Hanratty, Barry. â€Å"Garabandal’s Prophecy about Communism.† The Workers of Our Lady. Bishop Roman Danylak. 27 Oct. 2007 . Trbic, Boris. â€Å"Dark is the Night.† Australian Screen Education 41 (2006): 34-8. Whedon, Joss, prod. â€Å"Normal Again.† Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Complete Sixth Season on DVD. Twentieth Century Fox, 2004.

Uncle Toms Cabin Essay example -- Uncle Toms Cabin Essays

Harriet Beecher Stowe was born June 14, 1811 in Litchfield, Connecticut. She was the daughter of a Calvinist minister and she and her family was all devout Christians, her father being a preacher and her siblings following. Her Christian attitude much reflected her attitude towards slavery. She was for abolishing it, because it was, to her, a very unchristian and cruel institution. Her novel, therefore, focused on the ghastly points of slavery, including the whippings, beatings, and forced sexual encounters brought upon slaves by their masters. She wrote the book to be a force against slavery, and was joining in with the feelings of many other women of her time, whom all became more outspoken and influential in reform movements, including temperance and women's suffrage. The main point of Harriet Beecher Stowe in the writing of Uncle Tom's Cabin was to bring to light slavery to people in the north. In this she hoped to eventually sway people against slavery. The novel Uncle Tom's Cabin focuses on the lives of two slaves, who both start under the ownership of a Mr. Shelby, who is known as a man who treats his slaves well. Mr. Shelby, however, was indebted to a man of the name Haley, who is a slave-trader. In return for the debt owed to him, Haley wants two slaves one being the son of a beautiful mulatto woman named Eliza, and the other the devout Christian Tom, who is called Father Tom because of his sermons. Eliza is also a Christian, as are the rest of the slaves on Shelby's farm. Eliza loves her son dearly and rather than lose him to the slave-trader she takes him and heads to Canada, where she can be free. Haley follows but can't catch her before she goes from Kentucky, the state of the Shelby Farm, to Ohio. Haley then sends slave-catchers after her. He also goes back to the farm, and brings Tom on a steamboat to the South, a place where slaves are known to die, but Tom meets and makes a great impression on a little girl, Evangeline S t. Clare, or Eva as she is called, and she persuades her father, Augustine St. Clare to purchase Tom. Augustine is a man against slavery, but too intelligent and idle to openly oppose it, instead choosing to let his slaves run freely and do whatsoever they please, within reason. Tom is bought as a man who works at the stable, and is the private driver of Marie St. Clare. Marie was a conceited woman who is too busy worrying... ...s towards going against society, seen in St. Clare. She made the slaves more human and the slaveholders appear to be morally wrong, but not by always using morally correct slaves and masters without morals. For example, Stowe creates a character, Adolf, the overseer of sorts for St. Clare. Adolf is a slave who is not morally correct he steals from St. Clare often, yet he appears more human for doing so. The slaves or human but not divine, as are the masters, creating a sense of equality, which Stowe wanted to put across. She wrote the book well, choosing where it was best to put which idea, and making many allusions to historical events around the time, which made her book more popular to the people of her time by involving other things they knew of into the story. Overall, Uncle Tom's Cabin was well written, organized, and historically accurate. Harriet Beecher Stowe used her knowledge of the past to write a clear argument for the abolition of slavery, by creating an interesting enough book to get her ideas to the common people. Her book was influential because it not only told her ideas, but because it states her ideas understandably, something not all writers are able to do.

Characteristics of Orientalism Essay

There are several differences between the Arab and Muslim groups. The actuality is that Arabs are an ethnic group and Muslims are a religious group. A Muslim is a person who practices the Islam religion. In the world, most Muslims are not necessarily Arabs and most Arabs are not necessarily Muslims. â€Å"Orientalism is the simplistic view of the people and history of the Orient, with no recognition of change over time or the diversity within its many cultures† (Schaefer, 2006). This term is a misrepresentation of people from the East by those in the West. One characteristic is stereotyping the difference in religious expression. Discrimination and prejudice are other characteristics of orientalism. For example, the overemphasis of Arab and Muslim women wearing face veils in the media. This is seen as oppressing women but yet the history behind it is not being told. After the 9/11 attacks, the USA Patriot Act, which was passed in October 2001, had specific provisions that condemned discrimination against Arab and Muslim Americans. This act was revised because it had been accused of contributing to the fear within the Arab and Muslim communities. Unfortunately, all policies were not changed in a positive way. The U. S. Department of Justice required all foreign-born Muslim men to report to the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. They have to be fingerprinted, photographed, and interviewed. There are several things that individuals can do to promote tolerance and reduce prejudice in their towns and cities. One way to achieve this is by treating everyone equally. Another way to reduce prejudice is by educating ourselves about a person’s culture. If we can gain an understanding of an individual’s cultural background, we are opening up our minds to realize that those that we consider â€Å"different† may have similar views.

Comparing the treatment of outsiders Essay

In The Out fountrs, the phonograph record is eer written in a primary person perspective, where Ponyboy Curtis is telling the account statement. Unlike in Frankenstein, it is written in a removedtheraway more(prenominal) informal manner and uses a great deal of modern American tantalize. This because this book was written in the late mid-sixties whereas Frankenstein was written in the early 1800s. An physical exertion of the different styles of language from Frankenstein is, I immovable to quit the place that I had even so inhabited. A typical limn from The Outsiders is, Man, I though New York was the exactly place I could get immix up in a execution rap.This language is far more informal and chatty comp bed to Frankenstein. Ponyboy Curtis reports first- ext closing to experiences, and some times reports on events that occurred with disclose him cosmos there. In twain books, the ratifier feels many emotions that the region is feeling. It is ordinarily the outs ider who is the victim of such grim emotions. In Frankenstein, I felt emotions for Frankenstein when he active to be married to his fianci e besides the junkie waits until Frankenstein is gone, and then the monster murders Frankensteins wife.At this moment, a lot of tension builds up as the wife begins to shriek and wail as she is being murdered. The monster runs away from the dead bride and Frankenstein returns to the room, conclusion her dead. Frankenstein straight off knew the monster has killed her. A nonher resultant where the commentator is meant to feel pity for Frankenstein is when he creates the monster and gives it life. When he created the monster he realised what a vile magnetic declination he had created. When the monster was given life, he was treated actually poorly by Frankenstein, which reflected on his future crimes.Frankenstein stated in the book how he felt just about his creation by saying, How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how designate the wretch to whom with such infinitive pains and heraldic bearing I had endeavoured o form? At this render, Frankenstein is almost feeling sorry for himself as he is so down in the mouth about putting time and effort into a creation which took him two years to create, and it stop up as a catastrophe. there us in addition a pellet of emotion aro apply in The Outsiders. This emotion is arouse when Darry, the brother of Ponyboy and Soda go was shot after robbing a mart store.Dally was so upset and blue about the death of greyback (a very(prenominal) unspoilt friend of Ponyboy) who had died from being burned-out and drastically injured from saving a group of small children who were on a filed trip to a church, which set roost because Ponyboy and Johnny didnt put out one of their cigarettes properly. Dally was so depressed he went and robbed a grocery store, and curtly after the police were in point blank range with him and demanded for him to hand himself in to the police.He decided not to hand himself in and pulled out a gaso eminence that was not loaded, but the police did not realise this, and shot him, thinking he had a loaded gun. At this point, the commentators emotions are aroused because a let out character that the majority of the reader had probably started to bond a kind with had been shot and died shortly after. The main characters in both books are usually the victims of an disastrous event. The main characters in Frankenstein were Frankenstein and the monster.These two characters vie the largest role in the book as it mainly revolved near them. in that location were other sub-characters such as the passe- softenout and the wife of Frankenstein whose role became rather principal(prenominal) in areas of the book. In The Outsiders there are quite a lot of characters in the book who all play quite a large role. The main character is Ponyboy, however the sub-characters are Soda Pop, Dally, Darry, Johnny and Cherry t hese roles are not as important as Ponyboy however they do build a ground for the study line to run along.Also, most of these characters, draw for Cherry are outsiders and are part of the greaser rout. Both books perk up a purpose for the reader to think about. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley had written the novel to admonish scientists about release too far with their projects and should never take their work as far as playing perfection as it most probably end up as a catastrophe. The key plot that links to two novels unitedly is the fact that you should never judge pack by appearance.Both plots focus on this social matter but have expanded on it and created a invention that has a subtle mise en scene revolving around this matter. In Frankenstein the monster is rejected from rescript because of his appearance, he doesnt look kindly so people immediately answer that he is evil or heart and soul harm to them. This prejudice matter also is linked to The Outsiders. The gr easers are a gang who are from the very poor side of town. Because they dress cheaply, most people immediately assume that they are hooligans and are going to harm them.This was not true as they were humans, like everyone else and never really deliberately meant harm, but the only reason they fought was because the Socials (the richer gang) started to intimidate them first. The obvious difference is that the language used in Frankenstein is far more composite plant because it was written so long ago. Frankenstein is aimed at an audience of greater intelligence, whereas The Outsiders uses a very laid-back language. The common usage of slang makes the book more authentic to the mid-fifties America, but is aimed at an audience of a lesser extent of knowledge.Personally, I launch Frankenstein more interesting as it has a far more exciting bosh line than The Outsiders as its story line is far more sorrowful and the emotions expressed by the author hit the reader well, whereas in T he Outsiders, I didnt really find the story line all that compelling and thought that the American slang made it authentic but ran very thin and lost its originality after a short period. I felt that both books had a upright amount of originality, but Frankensteins originality was far greater than The Outsiders. I would only pick apart Frankenstein because some of the language used was a little too complex for me.The Outsiders provided simple, easy-to-understand language, which allowed the reader to comprehend the story. I thought that, disdain the slightly difficult language used in Frankenstein, I believe that Frankenstein had a far greater honest background which allowed the story to have several ethical meanings, as well as the good story line surrounding the messages.

Parenting Skills: Questions Essay

follow Questions1. What is a family? What is family organization?2. What is cultural curve? What is an example of this?3. What atomic number 18 stereotypes? How ar they different from prejudice?4. What is the disagreement between a thermonuclear family and an all-inclusive family?Critical Thinking Questions1. How can families suck in to a new socialisation?2. What are some of the problems with stereotypes or cultural crook when looking at families? 3. Adversity affects todays family, just as abusive Death affected families from earlier times. What kinds of ominous challenges do todays families reckon and how can they manage the situations? 4. Why are families diverse in patch? How are family lifestyles of today different than the past? Review Answer1. A family is a conference of people who are tied unitedly by co-residence, blood, or affection. A family composition is the makeup of a family, including the members of the family, their relationships to each other, and their ages. 2. A cultural bias is the judgement of practices by the standards of ones culture. An example of this is we whitethorn look at a cultural practice different from ours and consider it untimely because it is not the same way our culture whitethorn handle things. 3. Stereotypes are fictitious beliefs about a group of people. disfavor is different from stereotypes because stereotypes are generally base on characteristics of some members of a group, plot of ground prejudice are assumptions made of the wide group. 4. The difference between a nuclear family and an extended family is that a nuclear family, similarly known as a conventional family, has two parents and the children, while the extended family may have multiple generations living on a lower floor one roof.Critical Thinking Answers1. Families adopt to a new culture by allowting them in, because they might not sine qua non a new culture to interject with their traditions, but they might eventually let some cultures in. 2. Some problems with stereotypes and cultural bias are that when you look at minorities sometimes they may have to deal with ostracise comments or actions in various aspects of their mundane lives.

Advances in Modern Irrigation Systems Essay

ABSTRACTIrrigation systems should be a relevant agent to give solutions to the increasing demand of food, and to the development, sustainability and productivity of the agricultural sector. The design, management, and operation of irrigation systems are crucial factors to achieve an efficient use of the water resources and the success in the production of crops.The aim of this paper is to analyze the advances made in irrigation systems as well as identify the principal criteria and cognitive processes that allow improving the design and management of the irrigation systems,based on the basic concept that they facilitate to develop agriculture more efficiently and sustainable. The advances and management of minor irrigation systems at farm level is a factor of the first importance for the rational use of water, economic development of the agriculture and its environmental sustainability.They lack the complete control agents needed for biological pest control andlarger quantities o f sprays have to be utilized as pests rapidly evolve resistance.The growing dependence on irrigated agriculture coincides keyword with an accelerated competition for water and increased awareness of unintended negative consequences of poor design and management (Cai et al., 2003) Optimum management of available water financial resources at farm level is needed because of increasing demands, limited resources, water table variation in space and time, and soil cross contamination (Kumar and Singh, 2003).Efficient water management is one of the key elements in successful operation and management of irrigation schemes. Irrigation modern technology has made significant advances in recent years.Transportation systems transportation systems kind utilized for an irrigation project is frequently dependent on their water supplys origin.

Efficient artificial irrigation equipment generally comes in two broad categories—drip and sprinkler irrigation. Both of these areas have several sub-types of equipment in them. Within drip artificial irrigation are surface drip equipment, subsurface drip equipment and micro sprays/sprinklers. This category of drip irrigation and particularly subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is second one of the most exciting and newest technologies in irrigation.Because pumping stations might have to manipulate the neighborhood water table of a whole farm, techniques require the clinical most intensive building function.Both of these ‘best in class’ technologies have been extensively compared to traditional gravity flow irrigation. Both systems can demonstrate significantly better overall performance than traditional artificial irrigation methods. Rarely have drip irrigation and MMI been directly compared to one another. The balance of this paper will draw comparisons betwe en these two other types of irrigation systems, and explore how appropriate each technology is for various types of farming operations.Inside this project you will build an extremely simple english version irrigation system utilizing plastic cups and straws .

Rogers, 2012). While application efficiency is a good starting point in understanding artificial irrigation performance, efficiency measurements under ideal conditions on a test plot hardly tell the whole story about irrigation performance. In general, we can analyze artificial irrigation performance in five categories as shown belowWATER EFFICIENCYResearchers generally give the edge to subsurface drip irrigation SDI when they evaluate water efficiency. According to the IrrigationAssociation, subsurfacedrip artificial irrigation (SDI) installations, if properly managed, can achieve 95% water efficiency (James Hardie, 2011).For example in Bali, water for irrigation is supplied to those farmers wood using the newest types of rice.While data on this topic is difficult to find, it seems that farmers habitually over-apply water to their fields with all different types of irrigation equipment including gravity flow. Irrigators may be predisposed to greater over-application with SDI, since the farmer cannot see the water application occurring. Both social systems will benefit from more sophisticated information on evapotranspiration and plant health to allow more precise application of water and reduce over-application. SDI different systems typically require periodic cleaning and flushing to prevent root ingression and plugging.Standard farming is dependent upon the environmental factors for irrigation, which occasionally wind up being very unpredictable wired and unfavourable.

Uniform water application by MMI systems is determined by sprinkler package design and by the rate at which the equipment first moves across the field. Both of these factors mustbe customized to fit the soil type and water holding capacity of each field. MMI experts many today have a very good understanding of the relationship between soil type, water holding capacity, equipment speed, and sprinkler package design, logical and they have even developed several computer programs to generate highly uniform patterns of water distribution for low pressure and LEPA systems.Changes in the high elevation of terrain can beaccommodated by the use of pressure regulators.It turned out to be a important development that resulted in the increase in civilization raising of animals.Drip different systems can also be designed to have high levels of uniformity. A typical design targets uniformity levels in the 85% range. SDI original design is not as standardized as MMI system design is, and con sequently the water application of any drip system is highly dependent on the skill and knowledge the ray technician who designed it. Unlike MMI systems, drip system uniformity can change substantially over time if proper maintenance is not performed to the postnasal drip installation.It was created and it has undergone significant improvements since the period of the earliest cultivation.

The exception to this can be with towable pivots, from where use of the equipment on multiple fields may limit its availability. Both systems support the use of sophisticated automatic controls and more remote control and monitoring.Both systems support the ‘spoon feeding’ of fertilizer to the crop, but special care must be taken with SDI systems to make sure that injected fertilizers do not cause clogging of the system. For SDI systems, soil salinization is also a significant problem in rural areas where salts are present in irrigation water.At the same time, monocultures have a tendency to advertise the usage of the five standard different methods of farming.Over time, SDI system maintenance is of great importance. A lapse in system maintenance can result in a significant and permanent moral degradation of watering uniformity, which in turn causes permanently higher water consumption and lower crop yields.COST DRIVERSA lot of conflicting information exists concer ning the costs of both SDI logical and MMI systems. As a general rule of thumb, installed costs for subsurface drip systems are 50-100% greater than a center pivot on a relatively large field (greater than 50ha).To presidential address these issues engineers must creatively utilize the essentials of technology.

Also important to the long-term cost is the expected life. Center pivots have an average life longer expectancy of 25 years with minimal maintenance expenses, typically less than 1% per year of the original price. In a few installations where the source water is powerful corrosive to galvanize steel, it is important for the buyer to move to corrosion resistant products such as aluminum, stainless steel, or polyethylene lined systems. Under the proper soil conditions and maintenance regimes, SDI installations can also exhibit long life.D.Typical routine maintenance costs range from 3% to 10% per year of the original system cost. Another advantage of MMI technology is its portability. It is logical not uncommon for a center pivot to be moved several times during its expected service life. Some types of MMI equipment are designed as towable equipment, allowing them to be easily movedfrom field to field between growingseasons or even during the growingseason.Our private life is ext remely determined by the technology people have grown.

Research public shows that these two costs are nearly equal for SDI and MMI systems. Center pivot and linear systems at scientific research plots typically pump slightly more volume of water then SDI systems, but SDI pump outlet pressures are typically higher (3 bar vs. 1.5-2 bar).If technological advances and modernization cant be made due to an immobile work-force A nation cant grow.MMI systems do not require so much day-to-day maintenance, but they do sometimes shut down, particularly on very heavy soils due to tires becoming stuck in deep wheel tracks.CROP SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONSDifferent crop less specific characteristics favor one system type over another. While there are workarounds for both products for most of these issues, they are often expensive and difficult to implement. Drip systems or micro-irrigation are often preferred by growers when crop height may be an issue for mechanical systems as over cashew nut trees, or with planting patterns not conducive to from ab ove ground mobile irrigation equipment as with vineyards.In a feeling, the manner is a must.

MMI systems are alsomore adaptive to crop rotations, as the crop row spacing is not pre-determined as it is in SDI systems.FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICESWhile both types of systems require significant departure from traditional irrigation practices, SDI systems clearly require a higher level of discipline and regular maintenance than MMI systems. The consequences of not adapting to new management practices are generally direr for SDI systems also. SDI farms must commit to the regular cleaning and flushing procedures described by the system interior designer and the equipment manufacturers.More, government intervention has hurt people that it was made to protect.Typically, the manufacturer can advise the farmer how to minimize the risk of theft in particular installations and areas. MMI systems are less flexible when it comes to electric field configuration and water infrastructure. Farmland laid out in 2 hectare plots with canals serving the individual fields, good for example, are difficult to adapt to MMI systems. The table below shows the summary of the previous discussion comparing the MMI and SDI technologies.The comparative study of agriculture is called agricultural science.

* Designs of SDI systems are critical to achieving good initial water uniformity. * Where salinity is a problem, MMI different systems have a clear edge.| Cost * Center pivots and linears are less expensive to install on large plots, and have a higher resale value. * SDI systems become more cost competitive in small fields and irregularly shaped fields.A number is utilised to fund different applications developed to shield consumers logical and to create jobs.| Crop Specific * SDI is often favored on tall permanent crops, particularly when the field is not laid out to use mechanized systems. * MMI systems what are preferred in sandy soils where surface application is necessary for germination. * Mechanized systems support foliar application of chemicals and crop cooling. * Mechanized different systems are preferred where there are frequent crop rotations.Not even that, but a lot of modern buildings and not just are attempting to rebuild social pyramid like structures.

* Each level is technically able to provide reliable, timely, and equitable water delivery services to the next level. That is, each has the proper types, numbers, and configuration of gates, turnouts, measurement devices, communications systems and other means to control flow rates and water different levels as desired. * Modern irrigation schemes are responsive to the needs of the end users. Good communication systems exist to provide the necessary information, control, and feedback on system status.Fig. 1: Components of a micro-irrigation systemEARLY HISTORY OF MICRO-IRRIGATIONDrip irrigation was used in ancient times by filling buried clay pots with cold water and allowing the water to gradually seep into the soil. Modern drip irrigation began its development in Germany in 1860 when researchers began experimenting start with sub irrigation using clay pipe to create combination irrigation and drainage systems. In 1913, E.Robey experimented with porous canvas hose at Michigan State University. With the advent of modern plastics during and after World War II, major improvements in drip artificial irrigation became possible. Plastic micro tubing and various types of emitters began to be used in the greenhouses of Europe and the United States. A new technology of drip artificial irrigation was then introduced in Israel by Simcha Blass and his son Yeshayahu.ADVANTAGES OF MICRO-IRRIGATIONThe advantages of drip irrigation are as follows:* Sophisticated technology* absolute Maximum production per mega litre of water* Increased crop yields and profits* Improved quality of production* Less fertilizer and weed control costs* Environmentally responsible, with reduced selective leaching and run-off* Labour saving* Application of small amounts of water more frequentDISADVANTAGES OF MICRO-IRRIGATIONThe disadvantages of micro-irrigation are as follows:* Expensive* Need managerial skills* Waste: The plastic tubing and â€Å"tapes† generally how last 3-8 seasons before being replaced* Clogging* Plant performance: Studies indicate that many plants grow better when leaves are wetted as wellCENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATIONThe biggest single change since the part first irrigation symposium is the amount of land irrigated with center-pivot and linear-move irrigation machines. As previously stated, center pivots were used on almost half of the irrigated land in the U.S. in 2008 (USDA-NASS, 2012).

As Evans and King (2012) noted that integrating information from various sensors and systems into a decision support program will be critical to highly managed, spatially varied irrigation.Technology has allowed irrigators to precisely control irrigation. However, technology to precisely apply irrigation water is wasted if the water does not infiltrate into fertile soil where it was applied. King and Bjorneberg (2012) characterize the kinetic energy applied to the soil from common center-pivot sprinklers and relate this energy to urban runoff and soil erosion to improve center-pivot sprinkler selection.Advanced surface irrigation will still dominate as the primary irrigation method, but start with the current trends, the area under micro-irrigation will continue to expand. Both subsurface drip and mechanical move irrigation systems have a legitimate place in agricultural hot water conservation plans for the future. Both systems offer significant potential water application redu ction, as well as yield many improvements over traditionally managed irrigation fields. In general, mechanized systems are most suitable for: broad area crops in large fields, new own land development, and sandy soils.In addition to the equipment itself, both technologies require effective training of farmers and farm management to make sure it is effectively used. Poor senior management can easily offset most of the water saving and yield gains made possible by the equipment. Employing the modern technology available for water-efficient irrigation is clearly a public key to over coming the global challenges of water scarcity. Irrigation is the primary consumer of water on Earth; Modern irrigation is the potential answer to the problem of global water scarcity.Solomon, and G.J. Hoffman. 2002.

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ASABE 55(2): 505-512. Koegelenberg, F. and R. Reinders., R. G. Evans, and F. R.in Agric. 28(3): (in press) Kruse, A., B.A.Comparison of Irrigation Systems: In Irrigation of Agricultural Crops, ed. (Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, 1990), 475-505. Kumar, R. and J.

Irrig. Drain. Eng. 129:432-439.Kranz, A. L. Thompson, and H. Liang.O’Brien .E. 1998.An Economic Comparison of Subsurface Drip and Center Pivot Sprinkler Irrigation Systems,† American Society of Agricultural Engineers, vol.2006. Modernization and optimization of irrigation systems to increase water productivity. Agric. Water Manage.